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Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of fat suction combined with bipolar radiofrequency on face and neck rejuvenation.Methods:A total of 115 patients with face and neck fat deposits and skin laxity underwent fat suction combined with bipolar radiofrequency between December 2021 and October 2022 by the same surgeon in Changsha My Like Medical Cosmetology Hospital. There were 3 men and 112 women in this research. The mean age was 36.1 years (range, 26-55 years) and the mean body mass index was 21.4 (range, 16.8-27.7 kg/cm 2). Postoperative patient satisfaction surveys were conducted and 2 independent doctors evaluated clinical effect with preoperative and postoperative photographs at 3-6 months postoperatively. Results:The mean amount of fat aspirated was 44.5 ml (range, 10-92 ml) and the mean energy delivered was 4.5 kJ (range, 2.1-8.9 ml). 88.7% of patients were satisfied with their postoperative effect (102/115 patients). 92.2% of doctors were satisfied with the postoperative effect (106/115 patients). Four out of 115 patients (3.5%) developed irregularity by fat suction.Conclusions:Fat suction combined with bipolar radiofrequency can effectively reduce the fat accumulation of facial and neck and significantly improve skin relaxation. It is an effective method to rejuvenate facial and neck.
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Objective:To evaluate the effects of hemoclips on preventing delayed bleeding for early gastric cancer (EGC) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).Methods:Clinical data of 459 patients who underwent ESD for EGC in Beijing Friendship Hospital from June 2013 to August 2020 were collected retrospectively. Patients were divided into group A (hemoclip group, n=162) and group B (non-hemoclip group, n=297) according to whether preventive hemostatic clip treatment was performed after resection. Delayed bleeding within 2 weeks after ESD was observed. Univariate analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted for the delayed bleeding incidence and clinicopathological features. Results:Delayed bleeding incidences of group A and group B were 3.1% (5/162) and 8.1% (24/297) with significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=4.418, P=0.036). Subgroup analysis showed that there were significant differences in the delayed bleeding incidence between the two groups when the diameter of the tumor >20 mm [3.5% (2/57) VS 15.3% (13/85), χ2=5.016, P=0.025], the tumor located in the lower part of the stomach [1.0% (1/97) VS 10.4% (20/192), χ2=8.425, P=0.004], and the depth of tumor invasion was M/SM1 [3.2% (5/157) VS 8.1% (23/285), χ2=4.072, P=0.044]. There were no significant differences in the delayed bleeding incidence between group A and group B when the diameter of the tumor ≤20 mm, the tumor located in the upper/medial part of the stomach and the depth of tumor invasion was SM2 ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Hemoclips can prevent delayed bleeding after ESD for EGC, which is mainly observed in a tumor of diameter >20 mm, located in the lower part of the stomach and M/SM1 tumor invasion. It has little effect on the prevention when the tumor diameter ≤20 mm and located in the upper/medial part of the stomach.
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Objective@#To identify potential categories of perceived social support for middle school students and further analyze the association of different categories with bullying defender and depressive symptoms, so as to provide a reference for promoting protection for primary school bullying and reducing depression.@*Methods@#From September to November 2021, a total of 1 021 junior high school students and senior high school students from there middle schools in Liaoning Province by convenient whole group sampling method were taken as the object of the research. Students completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Participant Role Questionnaire (PRQ) and Self rating Depression Scale (SDS). Latent Profile Analysis, the R3STEP method and the DU3STEP method and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.@*Results@#Middle school students perceived social support was classified into four potential categories: low perceived social support group (8.03%, 82), perceived friendship support group(15.38%, 157), moderate perceived social support group (35.26%, 360) and high perceived social support group(41.33%, 422). Logistic regression analysis showed that girls and junior high school students had greater proportions in the perceived friendship support group( OR=0.65, 0.52, P <0.05). There were significant differences in bullying defender and depression symptom among middle school students among different potential categories of perceived social support ( χ 2=47.99, 48.80, P <0.01). The score of bullying defending the low perceived social support group was the lowest(33.75±0.82), but the highest in depressive symptoms(49.82±0.72).@*Conclusion@#There is heterogeneity in perceived social support among middle school students. By consciously improving the level of perceived social support for middle school students, families and schools can effectively promote bullying defender and reduce depressive symptoms.
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Discipline construction is the core of hospital development. Under the initiative to build " first-class universities and disciplines" , in order to speed up the construction of first-class hospitals, a university-affiliated hospital carried out discipline construction management by optimizing top-level design, discipline differentiation development, evaluation index system construction and strengthening its application, and carrying out process management in the form of project system.In 2018, the hospital levelled its individual disciplines as leading ones, advantageous ones, backbone ones, backbone promising ones and potential ones, each granted with corresponding funding support. Medians of the disciplinary construction scoring of disciplines at various levels from 2015 to 2018 were used as the standard scoring in examinations in the next two years(2019 and 2020), guiding the disciplines to upgrade their design for discipline construction index system. The appraisal of discipline construction in 2019 and 2020 found 38 disciplines up to the standard scoring, including 16 twice higher than the scoring, while only 7 scored lower than the standard one. The hospital has made stage-based progress in discipline reputation, faculty, science research and social contribution, initially achieving effective guidance of disciplines of the hospital.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SPOT (GI Supply, USA), a new carbon-based permanent marker approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in the endoscopic marking for gastrointestinal lesions.Methods:A total of 115 patients with gastrointestinal lesions who underwent endoscopic treatment or surgery in Beijing Friendship Hospital or Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from April 2019 to November 2019 were enrolled in the study. SPOT was used to mark the lesions, and marking points were found during endoscopic treatment or surgery to calculate the effective marking rate by single-group target value method. Adverse events after marking were recorded, and the changes of blood routine test, liver and kidney functions before and after marking were compared.Results:The effective rate of endoscopic marking with SPOT was 99.13% (114/115). The longest marking time was 57 days. There was no puncture of intestinal wall or injection into abdominal cavity during the marking process. One patient developed mild fever after marking. The incidence of adverse events was 23.48% (27/115), which were all unrelated to the test equipment. There was no significant difference in blood routine tests or liver and kidney functions before and after marking ( P>0.05). Conclusion:SPOT produced by GI Supply can effectively mark gastrointestinal lesions without serious adverse events, which meets the requirements of clinical use.
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Objective:To discuss the oncologic safety, aesthetic outcome, and upper extremity function of single-port insufflation endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy (SIE-NSM) in the treatment of early breast cancer.Methods:From January 2014 to August 2019, a total of 80 patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ breast cancer underwent SIE-NSM, at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed and followed up. Estimated the oncologic safety, aesthetic outcome, and upper extremity function.Results:SIE-NSM was performed successfully on all 80 patients.There was no serious complication after surgery.The follow-up time was 16-82 months and the median follow-up time was 42 months. Local recurrence occurred in two patients, and there was no distant metastases. Four (5%) patients developed grade 1-3 nipple-areola complex ischemia. There were no cases of subcutaneous effusion.The satisfaction with breasts, chest well-being, psychosocial well-being, and sexual well-being scores were confirmed to be highly rated by Breast-Q scale. Upper extremity function score confirmed that good upper limb function was preserved after surgery. The mean length of incision was (3.6±0.8) cm, and the blood loss was (24.7±19.3) mL.Conclusions:SIE-NSM can achieve a higher cosmetic score and a better recovery of upper limb function on the premise of ensuring the safety of the tumor.This novel method is an appropriate surgical option for patients with early breast cancer.
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BACKGROUND@#Asymptomatic or symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be followed by reinfection. The protection conferred by prior infection among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is unclear. We assessed the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and the protection effect of previous infection against reinfection.@*METHODS@#We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov for publications up until the end date of May 1, 2021. The reinfection rate of recovered patients and the protection against reinfection were analyzed using meta-analysis.@*RESULTS@#Overall, 19 studies of 1096 reinfection patients were included. The pooled reinfection rate was 0.65% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.98%). The symptomatic reinfection rate was a bit lower (0.37% [95% CI 0.11-0.78%], I2 = 99%). The reinfection rate was much higher in high-risk populations (1.59% [95% CI 0.30-3.88%], I2 = 90%). The protection against reinfection and symptomatic reinfection was similar (87.02% [95% CI 83.22-89.96%] and 87.17% [95% CI 83.09-90.26%], respectively).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The rate of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is relatively low. The protection against SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection is comparable to that estimated for vaccine efficacy. These data may help guide public health measures and vaccination strategies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. High-quality clinical studies are needed to establish the relevant risk factors in recovered patients.
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Humans , COVID-19 , Pandemics , Reinfection , SARS-CoV-2 , Vaccine EfficacyABSTRACT
It is of great clinical significance to achieve accurate prediction of clinical endpoints in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), identify the patients at a high risk of decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, and thus strengthen intervention to reduce the corresponding mortality rate. With reference to the published predictive models for clinical endpoints in CHB patients, this article elaborates on the thoughts and basic steps of establishing predictive models from the aspect of methodology, hoping to provide a reference for future studies on predictive models for hepatitis B.
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We optimized a fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay system for rapid and real time detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The results show that the lowest dilution of RNA samples used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA could reach 1/10 000 (the initial value is set as 10 ng/μL). Moreover, the cycle threshold (Ct) for samples of clinically diagnosed COVID-19 was lower than 35 or 40. The sensitivity of this method was satisfactory. The results were consistent with those of the COVID-19 detection kit on the market under the same conditions, but the number of cycles required was shortened by about 2. Therefore, the optimized assay developed in this study can be used in screening and early clinical diagnosis. Our work provides a tool to facilitate rapid clinical diagnosis of COVID-19.
Subject(s)
Humans , Betacoronavirus , Genetics , Coronavirus Infections , Diagnosis , Virology , Early Diagnosis , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Diagnosis , Virology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Reference Standards , RNA, Viral , Genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of computed tomography (CT), clinical manifestations and 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid test results for the screening and diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia.Methods:The clinical data of suspected cases with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) visited fever clinic or stayed in emergency room of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 23 to February 9, 2020 were collected. Totally 274 cases who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Four screening schemes including chest CT screening, scoring, chest CT and scoring series screening, chest CT and scoring parallel screening were designed. The statistical analysis was performed by using chi-square test. The sensitivities, specificities and the areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the four screening schemes were calculated, and the diagnostic efficacies were evaluated.Results:Among the 274 cases, 93.80%(257/274) presented with typical clinical symptoms, 47.81%(131/274) had epidemiological history, and the blood routine examination results of 45.26%(124/274) cases met the positive criteria of the scoring , and chest CT results of 43.07%(118/274) cases met the positive criteria of chest CT screening. The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test positive rate of cases with epidemiological history was 30.53%(40/131), which was higher than that of cases without epidemiological history (9.09%(13/143)), and that of cases with typical imaging performance on chest CT was 40.68%(48/118), which was higher than cases without typical imaging performance (3.21%(5/156)). The differences between the above groups were both statistically significant ( χ2=20.150、60.468, respectively, both P<0.01). The positive rates of viral nucleic acid detection in cases with positive findings of chest CT screening, scoring, series screening, and parallel screening were 40.68%(48/118), 23.74%(47/198), 44.68%(42/94) and 23.87%(53/222), respectively, while those in cases with negative findings of the four screening schemes were 3.20%(5/156), 7.89%(6/76), 6.11%(11/180) and 0(0/52), respectively. The positive rates of the four screening schemes were all significantly different from that of viral nucleic acid detection ( κ=0.402, 0.100, 0.431, 0.106, all P<0.01). The chest CT screening method had a sensitivity of 90.57%and a specificity of 68.33%, and an area under the operating characteristic curve of the subject was 0.794, which had higher diagnostic value than those of the other three screening schemes. Conclusions:For the screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 cases, epidemiological history, positive 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test with ≥2 typical clinical manifestations have highly diagnostic value. On the basis of the preliminary screening of chest CT examination, flexible analysis of the diagnostic results could improve the diagnostic value of each detection method.
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Objective@#To explore the predictive value of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) on admission on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in hospitalized patients with unstable angina (UA).@*Methods@#Data of 2 972 consecutive hospitalized patients with UA in Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2013 to September 2017 were retrospective analyzed. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the level of NT-proBNP on admission: 733 cases with NT-proBNP lower than 61 ng/L, 749 cases with NT-proBNP between 61 and 133 ng/L, 747 cases with NT-proBNP between 133 and 326 ng/L, and 743 cases with NT-proBNP higher than 326 ng/L. LVEF and in-hospital MACCE were compared among 4 groups and the predictive value of NT-proBNP on admission on LVEF and in-hospital MACCE was determined by multiple logistical regression analysis.@*Results@#LVEF value became lower with increasing on admission NT-proBNP value ((68.4±4.8)%, (68.2±5.2)%, (67.2±6.7)% and (62.6±10.4)%, F=77.98, P<0.01), while in-hospital MACCE was higher with increasing on admission NT-proBNP value (3.4% (25/733), 3.5% (26/749), 5.5% (41/747) and 7.3% (54/743), χ2=16.23, P<0.01) in NT-proBNP lower than 61 ng/L, NT-proBNP between 61 and 133 ng/L, NT-proBNP between 133 and 326 ng/L, and NT-proBNP higher than 326 ng/L group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that on admission NT-proBNP was an independent predictor for LVEF<50% (Exp(β)=5.875, 95%CI 3.382-10.207, P<0.001), but not predictor for in-hospital MACCE (Exp(β)=0.783, 95%CI 0.400-1.996, P=0.783).@*Conclusion@#The on admission NT-proBNP level is an independent predictor of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF<50%), but not an independent predictor of total in-hospital MACCE in hospitalized patients with UA.
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Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the treatment of larger (≥10-15 mm) non-ampullary duodenal lesions. Methods The data of 21 patients with larger (≥10-15 mm) non-ampullary duodenal lesions, who underwent EPMR or ESD in Beijing Friendship Hospital from February 2013 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment plan, the patients were divided into the EPMR group ( n=13) and the ESD group ( n=8) . The operation time, pathological histological evaluation and complications of each group were summarized. Results In the EPMR group, all 13 lesions were originated from the mucosa. The diameter of the lesion estimated by endoscopy and the size of the resected specimen were 22±12 mm and 26±15 mm, respectively, the median operation time was 39. 0 (23. 0, 45. 0) min, and 12 lesions were closed with metal clips. For pathological assessment, there were 2 cases of ectopia gastric mucosa, 7 cases of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 4 cases of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia. And 5 cases were horizontal margin positive ( low grade intraepithelial neoplasia ) in the 13 lesions. Complications occurred in 2 patients, including 1 case of perioperative bacteremia, which was cured after anti-infective treatment, and another case of intraoperative perforation, which was recovered after emergency surgery. In the ESD group, there were 6 mucosal lesions and 2 submucosal lesions. The diameter of the lesion estimated by endoscopy and the size of the resected specimen were 17 ± 5 mm and 20 ± 7 mm, respectively, the median operation time was 47. 5 ( 34. 0, 68. 0) min, and all 8 lesions were closed with metal clips. For pathological assessment, there were 3 cases of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 3 cases of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 1 case of submucosal cyst, and 1 case of lymphangioma. All 8 cases were horizontal margin negative, and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was suspected at the vertical margin of 1 case, which failed to achieve complete resection. Perioperative perforation occurred in 3 cases. One case recovered after endoscopic treatment, another case was unsatisfactory under endoscopy, and recovered after emergency surgery. The other case was recovered after laparoscopic treatment. Conclusion EPMR and ESD are both safe and effective for larger non-ampullary duodenal lesions, which is worthy of further clinical research.
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Objective@#To assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the treatment of larger (≥10-15 mm) non-ampullary duodenal lesions.@*Methods@#The data of 21 patients with larger (≥10-15 mm) non-ampullary duodenal lesions, who underwent EPMR or ESD in Beijing Friendship Hospital from February 2013 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment plan, the patients were divided into the EPMR group (n=13) and the ESD group (n=8). The operation time, pathological histological evaluation and complications of each group were summarized.@*Results@#In the EPMR group, all 13 lesions were originated from the mucosa. The diameter of the lesion estimated by endoscopy and the size of the resected specimen were 22±12 mm and 26±15 mm, respectively, the median operation time was 39.0 (23.0, 45.0) min, and 12 lesions were closed with metal clips. For pathological assessment, there were 2 cases of ectopia gastric mucosa, 7 cases of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 4 cases of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia. And 5 cases were horizontal margin positive (low grade intraepithelial neoplasia) in the 13 lesions. Complications occurred in 2 patients, including 1 case of perioperative bacteremia, which was cured after anti-infective treatment, and another case of intraoperative perforation, which was recovered after emergency surgery. In the ESD group, there were 6 mucosal lesions and 2 submucosal lesions. The diameter of the lesion estimated by endoscopy and the size of the resected specimen were 17±5 mm and 20±7 mm, respectively, the median operation time was 47.5 (34.0, 68.0) min, and all 8 lesions were closed with metal clips. For pathological assessment, there were 3 cases of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 3 cases of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 1 case of submucosal cyst, and 1 case of lymphangioma. All 8 cases were horizontal margin negative, and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was suspected at the vertical margin of 1 case, which failed to achieve complete resection. Perioperative perforation occurred in 3 cases. One case recovered after endoscopic treatment, another case was unsatisfactory under endoscopy, and recovered after emergency surgery. The other case was recovered after laparoscopic treatment.@*Conclusion@#EPMR and ESD are both safe and effective for larger non-ampullary duodenal lesions, which is worthy of further clinical research.
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Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse events of recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11) in the prevention of thrombocytopenia induced by craniospinal irradiation.@*Methods@#In this randomized control study, 100 patients were randomly divided into A (rhIL-11 group, n=50) and B groups (control group, n=50). In the A group, subcutaneous injection of rhIL-11 was delivered at a dose of 50 μg/kg/d, once daily when the platelet count was< 100×109/L during radiotherapy or decreased by> 50% compared with the baseline level. The administration of rhIL-11 was terminated when the platelet count was ≥ 200×109/L. In the B group, the same protocol was conducted when the platelet count was< 50×109/L and terminated until the platelet count was ≥ 100×109/L. The clinical efficacy was assessed in 92 patients. Subcutaneous injection of rhIL-11 could significantly elevate the minimal platelet count during craniospinal irradiation (P<0.01), considerably shorten the duration of thrombocytopenia (P<0.01) and effectively shorten the duration of radiotherapy (P<0.01). Main adverse events included mild pain at the injection site, sclerosis, redness and fatigue, etc.@*Conclusions@#Injection of rhIL-11 can significantly enhance the platelet count, effectively reduce the incidence of thrombocytopenia throughout craniospinal irradiation, guarantee the success of radiotherapy and yield mild adverse events.
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This paper introduces the revised Cochrane bias risk assessment tool for individual randomized,cross-over trials (RoB2.0),comparing RoB2.0 of cross-over design with RoB2.0 of parallel design,and illustrating the application of RoB2.0 for cross-over trials in a published clinical trial.As a comprehensive tool specially designed for cross-over design,it provides more information on risk of bias in systematic reviews for the evidence synthesis.
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This paper introduces the revised Cochrane bias risk assessment tool for individual randomized,cross-over trials (RoB2.0),comparing RoB2.0 of cross-over design with RoB2.0 of parallel design,and illustrating the application of RoB2.0 for cross-over trials in a published clinical trial.As a comprehensive tool specially designed for cross-over design,it provides more information on risk of bias in systematic reviews for the evidence synthesis.
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Objective To observe the effects of ketamine on the patients with depression re-ceiving modified electric conulsive therapy (MECT).Methods Sixty patients with depression were randomly divided into ketamine group and propofol group (n =30 each group).Atropine 0.5-1.0 mg, propofol 1.0 mg/kg or ketamine 0.8 mg/kg i.v.were given before MECT,Scoline 0.7-1.0 mg/kg i. v.was given after the eyelash reflex disappeared.Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)was completed after the 2 nd ,4 th and 6 th MECT,the time of convulsion,twitch index,energy percentage, respiratory recovery time and adverse reactions were recorded.Results The total score of HAMD was significantly decreased with the increasing times of MECT in both groups,compared with propo-fol group,ketamine group's HAMD total score decreased faster,especially after the 4th MECT,the score decreased significantly in ketamine group (P <0.05).The time of convulsion,twitch index,en-ergy percentage, respiratory recovery time, adverse reactions all had no statistical significance between the two groups.Conclusion Compered with propofol,ketamine,as an anesthetic of MECT, can effectively lower the score of HAMD.
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Objective:To summarize the research advance in antitumor activity of dandelion in recent 5 years.Methods:The lit-eratures on the antitumor activity of various extracts of dandelion in recent 5 years were collected , including the effective components such as polysaccharide , triterpenes , phytosterols , flavonoids and organic acids etc .Results:Dandelion showed antitumor activity .The polysaccharide ingredients could effectively prevent the proliferation of pancreatic cancer PANC -1 cells, lupeol could reduce the activity of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and beta sitosterol could induce the apoptosis of human cervical cancer Hela cells .Conclusion:Dande-lion is effective in the treatment of pancreatic cancer , breast cancer and cervical cance etc .The antitumor activity of the other active in-gredients in dandelion needs further research in order to provide complete theoretical and experimental evidence for the potential appli -cation as antitumor medicine in clinics .
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Objective:To systematically review the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs)on two common respiratory system adverse events (RSAE:nasopharyngitis and upper re-spiratory tract infection)among type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods:Medline,Embase,Clinical trials and Cochrane library were searched from inception through May 201 5 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs)assessed safety of GLP-1 RAs versus placebo or other anti-diabetic drugs in T2DM.Network meta-analysis within a Bayesian framework was performed to calculate odds ratios for the incidence of RSAE.Results:In the study,50 RCTs were included,including 1 3 treatments:7 GLP-1 RAs (exenati-de,exenatide-long-release-agent,liraglutide,lixisenatide,taspoglutide,albiglutide and dulaglutide), placebo and 5 traditional anti-diabetic drugs(insulin,metformin,sulfonylureas,sitagliptin and thiazo-lidinediones ketones).Compared with insulin,taspoglutide significantly decreased the incidence of naso-pharyngitis (OR =0.67,95%CI:0.46 -0.96).Significant lowering effects on upper respiratory tract infection were found when taspoglutide versus placebo (OR =0.57,95%CI:0.34 -0.99)and insulin (OR =0.39,95%CI:0.23 -0.73).The result from the network meta-analysis based on Bayesian theo-ry could be used to rank all the treatments included,which showed that taspoglutide ranked last with mi-nimum risk on nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection.Conclusion:Taspoglutide was associ-ated with significantly lowering effect on RSAE.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous content determination of berberine hydrochloride,phello-dendrine hydrochloride and magnoflorine in Phellodendron amurense decoction piece,and to campare the contents of the 3 ingredi-ents in different grades of P. amurense decoction piece. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Phenomenex Luna C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L KH2PO4 (gradient elution) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 280 nm,the column temperature was 30 ℃,and injection volume was 5 μl. RESULTS:The linear ranges were 0.387 0-7.740 μg for berberine hydrochloride(r=0.999 9),0.044 4-0.888 0 μg for phellodendrine hydrochloride(r=0.999 8)and 0.048 0-0.960 0 μg for magnoflorine(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3%, recoveries were 95.61%-103.22%(RSD=2.80%,n=6),96.18%-102.80%(RSD=1.84%,n=6) and 97.93%-102.78%(RSD=1.84%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and accurate,and can be used for the contents determination of berberine hydrochloride, phellodendrine hydrochloride and magnoflonine in P. amurense. The contents of berbenine hydrochloride and phellodendrine hydro-chloride in the first-grade decation piece are higher than those in the second-grade decoction piece,and the content of magnoflorine in both decoction pieces shows no discernible differences.